What is the synthesis of morphine?

Synthesis of morphine-like alkaloids in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the natural morphinan class of alkaloids that includes codeine, morphine, oripavine, and thebaine and the closely related semisynthetic analogs methorphan, buprenorphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, isocodeine, naltrexone, nalbuphine.

Where is morphine synthesized?

Morphine is one of several important alkaloids derived from the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum.

What are morphine alkaloids?

Morphine is a morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly.

What is the composition of morphine?

• Morphine is natural opium alkaloid • It is dried extract obtained from the capsule of the poppy plant known as papaverum somniferum • It contains 10% morphine and NLT 2% codeine and thebaine are :PHENANTHRENE ALKALOID. And NLT 1% of papaverine is BENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOID.

What are the effects of morphine?

• Morphine produces euphoria in presence of pain • But in the absence of pain , it produces dysphoria & restlessness • With an increased dose, it produces sleep • Tolerance is noted to both euphoria (mu receptor ) and dysphoria (kappa receptors) • Morphine induces sedation in analgesic doses and is useful when pain is accompanied by insomnia 12.

What is the history of morphine?

1. Morphine was isolated from raw opium in 1805 by a German pharmacologist, Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner (1783-1841). Morphine is a potent suppressor of pain and is a very useful drug in painful conditions, especially in severe chest pain arising due to heart attacks. It also induces sleep in no time 2.

What is morphine used for medically?

USES • Morphine is used medicinally – • Relief of moderate to severe pain in both acute and chronic management. • pre-operative sedation and to facilitate the induction of anesthesia. • For long-term treatment of terminally ill, pain ridden patients