What is Walker A motif?

Walker A motif, also known as the Walker loop, or P-loop, or phosphate-binding loop, is a motif in proteins that is associated with phosphate binding. The motif has the pattern G-x(4)-GK-[TS], where G, K, T and S denote glycine, lysine, threonine and serine residues respectively, and x denotes any amino acid.

What does P-loop stand for?

phosphate-binding loop
The phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) is a conserved sequence motif found in mononucleotide-binding proteins. Little is known about the structural dynamics of this region and its contribution to the observed nucleotide binding properties.

What is P-loop NTPase?

[1–3]. P-loop NTPase folds are α-β proteins that contain regularly recurring α-β units with the five β-strands (β1–β5) and characterized by the presence of sequence patterns such as GxxxxGKS/T (where x is any residue), known as a Walker A motif and a Walker B motif (hhhh[D/E], where h is a hydrophobic residue) [4].

Is phosphate a protein?

Phosphate groups are important in activating proteins so that the proteins can perform particular functions in cells. Proteins are activated through phosphorylation, which is the addition of a phosphate group. Protein phosphorylation occurs in all forms of life.

What type of enzyme is Atpase?

ATPases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP). They harness the energy released from the breakdown of the phosphate bond and utilize it to perform other cellular reactions.

What is phosphate made of?

In their natural form phosphates are chemical compounds made of oxygen and phosphorus. If you’ve taken biology or chemistry classes, you might remember phosphorus from the Periodic Table of Elements. Phosphates are minerals our bodies need to maintain healthy teeth, bones, heart function, muscles and blood vessels.

Is phosphorus a lipid?

All lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Some of them also contain nitrogen and phosphorus.

Which type of protein is ATPase?

P-type ATPases are a large family of membrane proteins that perform active ion transport across biological membranes. In these proteins the energy-providing ATP hydrolysis is coupled to ion-transport that builds up or maintains the electrochemical potential gradients of one or two ion species across the membrane.

What are phosphates?

A form of phosphoric acid, which contains phosphorus. In the body, phosphates are found in the bones and teeth. Phosphates may be used to treat a high level of calcium in the blood.

What is another name for phosphates?

In this page you can discover 18 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for phosphate, like: orthophosphate, sulphate, chloride, potassium, phosphorus, triose, tricalcium, sulfate, ammonium, nitrate and magnesium.

Is phosphorus a protein?

In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, all proteins contain nitrogen and sulfur atoms, and many also contain phosphorus atoms and traces of other elements.

What is phosphate lipid?

Phospholipids (PL) are a group of polar lipids that consist of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit and a phosphate group which is esterified to an organic molecule (X) such as choline, ethanolamine, inositol, etc. From: Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 2019.

What is P-type ion transporter?

P-type ATPases are a large family of membrane proteins that perform active ion transport across biological membranes. In these proteins, the energy-providing ATP hydrolysis is coupled to ion transport of one or two ion species across the respective membrane.

What is a P pump biology?

P-type pumps are a form of ATPases which, during the active transport of ions, are phophorylated by themselves which is a process that is done reversibly. They are classed in the multipass membrane protein group. Examples of this type of pump are the Na+/K+ pump and the Ca2+ pump.

What type of protein is ATP synthase?

enzyme complex
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multimeric enzyme complex with an overall molecular weight of about 600,000 Da. The ATP synthase is a molecular motor composed of two separable parts: F1 and Fo. The F1 portion contains the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis and protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix.

What type of product is phosphate?

Phosphates are compounds made of phosphorus and oxygen. The most common base phosphate unit is PO4. In simplified terms, phosphates can be derived as esters or salts of phosphoric acid. In swimming pools, we care about phosphates because they are food for reproducing contaminants like algae.

Where are phosphates?

Phosphate reserves are found in Africa, North America, Kazakhstan, the Middle East and Oceania but the world’s largest deposits are located in Morocco, which is also one of the global leaders in phosphate extraction.

What is a phosphate group?

Phosphate group: A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond). One of these oxygen atoms must be bonded to another atom; if not, the structure is a phosphate ion. Generic phosphate group molecular structure.

What is Walker a motif in protein?

Walker A motif, also known as the Walker loop, or P-loop, or phosphate-binding loop, is a motif in proteins that is associated with phosphate binding. The motif has the pattern G-x (4)-GK- [TS], where G, K, T and S denote glycine, lysine, threonine and serine residues respectively, and x denotes any amino acid.

What is the difference between a-loop and Walker B motif?

The A-loop ( aromatic residue interacting with the adenine ring of ATP) refers to conserved aromatic amino acids, essential for ATP-binding, found in about 25 amino acids upstream of the Walker A motif in a subset of P-loop proteins. Walker B motif is a motif in most P-loop proteins situated well downstream of the A-motif.

What are Walker a Walker B and arginine finger motifs?

Three indispensable motifs known as Walker A, Walker B and arginine finger are characteristic of all the MCM families of proteins. MCM helicases were initially discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a genetic screen for MCM-defective mutants, which exhibit high rates of mitotic chromosome loss and recombination.

Does Walker motif a-binding cause structural changes in DNA binding?

Walker motif A-binding has been shown to cause structural changes in the bound nucleotide, along the line of the induced fit model of enzyme binding.