What is TL431 IC?

The TL431 is a three-terminal adjustable precision shunt voltage regulator integrated circuit. With the use of an external voltage divider, a TL431 can regulate voltages ranging from 2.5 to 36 V, at currents up 100 mA.

What is shunt voltage regulator?

The shunt regulator or shunt voltage regulator is a form of voltage regulator where the regulating element shunts the current to ground. The shunt regulator operates by maintaining a constant voltage across its terminals and it takes up the surplus current to maintain the voltage across the load.

Where are shunt regulators used?

voltage reference circuits
Shunt regulators It is, however, simpler, sometimes consisting of just a voltage-reference diode, and is used in very low-powered circuits where the wasted current is too small to be of concern. This form is very common for voltage reference circuits. A shunt regulator can usually only sink (absorb) current.

What is Zener voltage called?

(This phenomenon is called breakdown and this voltage is called breakdown voltage.) Voltage regulator diodes actively use this characteristic. Since this breakdown voltage is also called Zener voltage, voltage regulator diodes are also called Zener diodes.

What is principle of Zener diode?

Zener Diode Working Principle That is, in forward bias it allows current, and in reverse bias it blocks current. After this voltage has surpassed the breakdown point (in reverse bias), the diode falls in the Zener region, where it conducts without getting damaged. Current in this region is called avalanche current.

What is the application of shunt regulator?

A shunt regulator is used for low-powered circuits. It works by directing the current away from the load and sending it into the ground. It provides a path from the input voltage to a variable resistor which is connected to the ground.

What is the difference between series regulator and shunt regulator?

Shunt voltage regulator has good voltage regulation even at high load currents. Series voltage regulator has not so good voltage regulation at high load currents. In the shunt voltage regulator the output DC voltage is constant.

What is regulator circuits?

A voltage regulator is a circuit that creates and maintains a fixed output voltage, irrespective of changes to the input voltage or load conditions. Voltage regulators (VRs) keep the voltages from a power supply within a range that is compatible with the other electrical components.

What is AVR?

An automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is an electronic device that maintains a constant voltage level to electrical equipment on the same load. The AVR regulates voltage variations to deliver constant, reliable power supply.

How does a Zener work?

A Zener diode is a silicon semiconductor device that permits current to flow in either a forward or reverse direction. The diode consists of a special, heavily doped p-n junction, designed to conduct in the reverse direction when a certain specified voltage is reached.

What is Zener diode symbol?

Symbol of zener diode In zener diode, electric current flows from both anode to cathode and cathode to anode. The symbol of zener diode is similar to the normal p-n junction diode, but with bend edges on the vertical bar.

Where is Zener diode used?

Zener diode is used in clipping circuits Clipper circuits are used to prevent the output signal from going beyond a determined value without changing anything of the input signal. Uses of Zener diode include modifying and shaping the AC waveform clipping circuits.

What is the function of regulator?

Monitoring compliance with contractual obligations to the government and users, and other legal and regulatory requirements. Establishing technical, safety and quality standards (if not defined in the contract agreements) and monitoring their compliance.

Does AVR boost voltage?

AVR is a feature of Line Interactive Topology. With AVR Technology, instead of going to battery during high or low input voltages, the unit will increase (BOOST) or reduce (TRIM) the voltage to a safe operating range.

Why AVR is used in generator?

An automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is a device used in generators with the purpose of automatically regulating voltage, which means that it will turn fluctuating voltage levels into constant voltage levels.

Why Zener diode is used in circuits?

Zener diodes are used for voltage regulation, as reference elements, surge suppressors, and in switching applications and clipper circuits. The load voltage equals breakdown voltage VZ of the diode. The series resistor limits the current through the diode and drops the excess voltage when the diode is conducting.