What is the origin of the Iron Cross?

It was designed on the occasion of the German Campaign of 1813, when Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia commissioned the Iron Cross as the first military decoration open to all ranks, including enlisted men. From this time, the Black Cross was featured on the Prussian war flag alongside the Black Eagle.

What was the Iron Cross 2nd class?

The Iron Cross Second Class was awarded for a single act of bravery in the face of the enemy that were above and beyond the call of duty. This particular Iron Cross was awarded to 2nd Lt. Felice Figus of the 53rd Stormo.

Did Japan pay China reparations?

China refused war reparations from Japan in the 1972 Joint Communiqué. Japan gave official development assistance (ODA), amounting to 3 trillion yen (US$30 billion). According to estimates, Japan accounts for more than 60 percent of China’s ODA received.

Did Japan pay reparations after WWII?

War reparations made pursuant to the San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan (1951) include: reparations amounting to US$550 million (198 billion yen 1956) were made to the Philippines, and US$39 million (14.04 billion yen 1959) to South Vietnam; payment to the International Committee of the Red Cross to compensate …

How can you tell if German medals are real?

You can check by burning a thread to check for flammability or examining the ribbon under a black ultraviolet light. Man-made fabrics will glow brightly; cotton will not. Finally, take a hard look at all aspects of the medal with a loop or magnifying glass. All of the raised markings should be sharply struck.

Who was the most decorated German soldier of WW2?

Hans-Ulrich Rudel
Hans-Ulrich Rudel was a German ground-attack pilot, and the most decorated German serviceman of World War II, being the sole recipient of the Knight’s Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds. Post-war, he was a prominent neo-Nazi activist in Latin America and West Germany.