What is the meaning of Quinones?

Definition of quinone 1 : either of two isomeric cyclic crystalline compounds C6H4O2 that are derivatives of benzene. 2 : any of various usually yellow, orange, or red quinonoid compounds including several that are biologically important as coenzymes, hydrogen acceptors, or vitamins.

What is the origin of Quinones?

Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (Quiñones): habitational name from any of the places named Quiñones, in Lleón, and Murcia provinces, so named from quiñón (Latin quinio ‘group of five’, genitive quinionis, a derivative of quinque ‘five’), denoting a piece of land that was shared out among a group of five co-tenants for …

How common is the last name Quinones?

In the United States, the name Quinones is the 1,211st most popular surname with an estimated 24,870 people with that name.

What does Schiffman mean?

German (Schiffmann): occupational name for a shipman (see Schiffer). Jewish (Ashkenazic): from German Schiff ‘ship’ + Mann ‘man’, an ornamental name or possibly denoting someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a ship.

How are quinones made?

Quinones are formed through a variety of mechanisms from simple oxidation of catechols/hydroquinones catalyzed by a variety of oxidative enzymes and metal ions to more complex mechanisms involving initial P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions followed by two-electron oxidation.

What color are quinones?

Quinone has a yellow crystalline appearance, and has a characteristic irritating odor like that of chlorine. It is barely soluble in water, alcohol, ether, hot petroleum ether, and alkalis. Quinone is a strong oxidizing agent and is usually reduced to hydroquinone.

Are quinones harmful to humans?

Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo, including acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex.

What can quinones cause?

What is a quinone?

The term quinone is also used more generally for a large class of compounds formally derived from aromatic quinones through replacement of some hydrogen atoms by other atoms or radicals.

How common is the name Quinones?

In the United States, the name Quinones is the 1,211 st most popular surname with an estimated 24,870 people with that name. [1] Juan Jorge Quiñones, who accompanied the expedition of Francisco Fajardo to Venezuela in 1559

Are quinones aromatic or non-aromatic?

Quinones are oxidized derivatives of aromatic compounds and are often readily made from reactive aromatic compounds with electron-donating substituents such as phenols and catechols, which increase the nucleophilicity of the ring and contributes to the large redox potential needed to break aromaticity. (Quinones are conjugated but not aromatic).

How many quinones are produced per year?

Conjugate addition nearly always breaks the conjugation. The term quinone is also used more generally for a large class of compounds formally derived from aromatic quinones through replacement of some hydrogen atoms by other atoms or radicals. 2 are produced annually. 1,4- Naphthoquinone, derived by oxidation of naphthalene with chromium trioxide.