What is mereological reductionism?

Mereological reductionism is a doctrine to say that the whole can be reduced to the parts. But the mereological reductionist encounters at least two serious objections. One is dilemma style objection, and the other is so-called sinkhole objection.

What is Buddhist reductionism?

Buddhist reductionism (BR) is the view that there is no self and that, strictly speaking, our talk of persons should be better understood as talk of fictional entities.

What is the mereological theory of identity?

Plato’s interpretation requires that Heraclitus held what might be called the Mereological Theory of Identity (MTI), i.e., the view that the identity of an object depends on the identity of its component parts.

What is a mereological simple?

A mereological simple is an object that has no proper parts. Clearly no object can be gunky and have a mereological simple as a part, though there is a question whether some objects might have some gunky parts and some non-gunky parts.

What is mereological universalism?

Mereological universalism—hereafter universalism—is the thesis that necessarily, any (material) objects whatsoever compose another (material) object. 1. Universalists have. found it necessary to argue for their position and it is not hard to see why.

Is the ship of Theseus still the same ship?

According to Aristotle, the “what-it-is” of a thing is its formal cause, so the ship of Theseus is the ‘same’ ship, because the formal cause, or design, does not change, even though the matter used to construct it may vary with time.

Who is the father of axiology?

Paul Lapie
The term was first used by Paul Lapie, in 1902, and Eduard von Hartmann, in 1908. The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic value is central to axiology. One conceptualization holds that something is intrinsically valuable if it is good in itself or good for its own sake.

What is gunk in philosophy?

In mereology, an area of philosophical logic, the term gunk applies to any whole whose parts all have further proper parts. That is, a gunky object is not made of indivisible atoms or simples. Because parthood is transitive, any part of gunk is itself gunk.

Is Nietzsche a nihilist or existentialist?

Among philosophers, Friedrich Nietzsche is most often associated with nihilism. For Nietzsche, there is no objective order or structure in the world except what we give it. Penetrating the façades buttressing convictions, the nihilist discovers that all values are baseless and that reason is impotent.

How is the Ship of Theseus a paradox?

The paradox is that if the Athenians replaced each plank of the ship with a new piece of wood every time it began to rot, there would eventually come a time when all planks were replaced, and no plank would be from the original ship.

What are the 2 types of values under axiology?

AREA OF AXIOLOGY: Axiology studies mainly two kinds of values: ethics and aesthetics. Ethics investigates the concepts of right and good in individual and social conduct. Aesthetics studies the concept of beauty and harmony.

What does the Ship of Theseus symbolize?

Taken together, these aspects offer a variety of conclusions: The Ship in Ship of Theseus comes to symbolize life, the problem of identity, and the theme of duty over desire and functions as a commentary on these ideas.

What is the difference between theoretical and methodological reductionism?

Methodological reductionism is the closely related view that the behaviour of entities of a certain kind can be explained in terms of the behaviour or properties of entities of another (usually physically smaller) kind. Finally, theoretical reductionism is the view in the philosophy of science…

What is reductionism in psychology?

This approach inevitably must reduce a complex behavior to a simple set of variables that offer the possibility of identifying a cause and an effect (i.e. Reductionism is a form of determinism). Reductionism works at different levels.

Is Abhidharma metaphysics mereological reductionism?

Abhidharma metaphysics rests on mereological reductionism: the claim that wholes are reducible to their parts. On the Abhidharma view, a composite object like a table is nothing more than its parts arranged table-wise.

What is missing from philosophical discussions of reductionism?

What remains missing from many philosophical discussions critical of reduction is an explicit account of methodological strategies and epistemological frameworks that both capture actual scientific reasoning and offer an alternative to reductionism (Love 2006, 2008; see Section 5 ).