What is a posterior Ponticle?

The arcuate foramen (foramen arcuate atlantis, ponticulus posticus or posterior ponticle, or Kimerle anomaly) is a frequently encountered normal variant of the atlas and is easily appreciated on a lateral plain film of the craniocervical junction.

What causes ponticulus posticus?

The ponticulus posticus is a bony bridge in the first cervical vertebra between the lateral mass and the posterior arch. It results due to ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament of atlas and encloses the vertebral artery and the first cervical nerve root [6].

What is Posticus Ponticus?

A complete posticus ponticus is one continuous bridge that extends from the posterior aspect of the lateral mass to the anterior aspect of the posterior tubercle. A partial posticus ponticus is one that does not extend fully from the posterior lateral mass to the posterior tubercle.

What is a Ponticle?

The ponticles are commonly encountered radiographic anomalies characterized by osseous bridging of the posterior margin of the superior articular facet and the posterior arch of the atlas.

What is Kimmerle anomaly?

Kimmerle anomaly (foramen arcuate, foramen retroarticular, ponticuli posticus, canalis Bildungi) is the bony ridge between the superoposterior lateral mass of atlas and its posterior arch or transverse process, which forms because of complete or incomplete ossification of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane.

How common is ponticulus posticus on lateral Cephalograms?

Ponticulus posticus is a fairly common anomaly with more than one-third (35.7%) of a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients affected and is independent of gender.

What is Bow Hunter’s syndrome?

Bowhunter’s syndrome is the clinical manifestation of posterior circulation ischemia provoked by dynamic compromise of the dominant vertebral artery. The colloquial name refers to the rotational position of the head that a bowhunter assumes when properly aiming his bow.

What is arcuate foramen?

The arcuate foramen is an anatomic variant that is thought to arise from ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. Owing to potential entrapment of the vertebral artery segment that traverses the foramen, vertebrobasilar ischemia may occur, and the person may experience vertigo, headache, or neck pain.

What is block vertebrae?

Block vertebra is a type of vertebral anomaly where there is a failure of separation of two or more adjacent vertebral bodies. It is an anatomic variant.

What is the life expectancy of a person with Hunter syndrome?

No cure is available for Hunter syndrome. The most severe cases can be life-threatening, with life expectancy typically between 10 and 20 years. People with mild cases of the disease typically live longer into adulthood.

Is there a cure for Hunter syndrome?

The condition is one type of a group of inherited metabolic disorders called mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). Hunter syndrome is also known as MPS II. There’s no cure for Hunter syndrome. Treatment involves managing symptoms and complications.

Does Klippel-Feil syndrome get worse with age?

KFS symptoms may or may not be apparent at birth or during childhood. However, KFS symptoms typically worsen with age and may become more apparent later in life.

Is Klippel-Feil syndrome life expectancy?

In less than 30% of cases, individuals with KFS will present with heart defects. If these heart defects are present, they often lead to a shortened life expectancy, the average being 35–45 years of age among males and 40–50 among females. This condition is similar to the heart failure seen in gigantism.

What causes arcuate foramen?

The arcuate foramen develops by calcification of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. The atlantic portion (V3) of the vertebral arteries pass through this foramen. It has a variable morphology, can be complete or incomplete and may be unilateral or bilateral.

Where is the arcuate foramen found?

In human anatomy, arcuate foramen, also known as ponticulus posticus (Latin for “little posterior bridge”) or Kimmerle’s anomaly, refers to a bony bridge on the atlas (C1 vertebra) that covers the groove for the vertebral artery.

What causes block vertebra?

Block vertebrae are due to defects in segmentation during foetal development, resulting in partial or complete fusion of two or more vertebrae.

What nerves are affected by c5 and c6?

A c5-c6 herniated disc can affect the nerves that control the muscles in the arms, neck, shoulders, hands as well as the head, eyes, ears, or thyroid gland. Symptoms in these areas in addition to pain in the neck is very common with c5-c6 disc herniations.

What is a posterior ponticle?

A posterior ponticle is also often referred to as a: ponticulus posticus, arcuate foramen, or Kimerle anomaly. This finding is typically of no clinical significance.

What is ponticulus posticus?

Ponticulus posticus in Latin means ‘little posterior bridge’. Other synonyms for ponticulus are arcuate foramen, kimerle anomaly, retroarticular foramen and retocondylar foramen.

Is the ponticulus posticus associated with chronic tension headaches and migraines?

The goal of this study was to substantiate whether the ponticulus posticus was the possible cause of chronic tension-type headaches and migraines. Complete Ponticulus Posticus – bilateral – both sides The researchers examined five hundred patients for the presence and type of ponticulus posticus.

Why does the posterior atlantooccipital ligament bridge over the foramen?

Hauser explains that with seemingly no alternative, the posterior atlantooccipital ligament has transformed itself into a bony structure to “bridge” over the foramen in a last attempt to prevent vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve compression.