How is biologic width measured?

The biologic width can be identified by probing under local anesthesia to the bone level (referred to as “sounding to bone”) and subtracting the sulcus depth from the resulting measurement. If this distance is less than 2 mm at one or more locations, a diagnosis of biologic width violation can be confirmed.

What is biological width of gingiva?

The biologic width is the distance established from the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment to the root surface of a tooth. This is also described as the height between the deepest point of the gingival sulcus and the alveolar bone crest.

Where is the junctional epithelium widest?

The junctional epithelium is immediately apical to the base of the pocket, and coronal to the most coronal of the gingival fibers. The JE is attached to the surface of the tooth with the EA. On average, the JE is roughly 1 mm wide in the apico-coronal dimension.

Why is biologic width important?

The natural barrier that develops around the teeth and dental implants to protect the alveolar bone from disease and infection is known as the biologic width. As such, biologic width is vital for the preservation of periodontal health and removal of irritation that could damage the periodontium.

What is biological width invasion?

The invasion of the biologic width was diagnosed when the distance from the gingival margin of restoration to the bony crest was less than 3 mm. Intrabony defect and bone crest level, as well as, their vertical and horizontal components were radiographically evaluated when present.

What is a junctional epithelium?

The junctional epithelium (JE) is an epithelial component that is directly attached to the tooth surface and has a protective function against periodontal diseases. In this study, we determined the origin of the JE using a bioengineered tooth technique.

How is junctional epithelium measured?

The junctional epithelium is the epithelium which is located at the base of the gingival sulcus. The probing depth of the gingival sulcus is measured using a calibrated periodontal probe. In healthy cases, the probe is inserted gently, slides by the sulcular epithelium (SE), and stops at the epithelial attachment.

What happens if you violate the biologic width?

Biologic width violation can lead to bleeding or recession of the gingival tissue; chronic inflammation of the gingival tissue, especially immediately around the restoration; the formation of pockets between the gums and teeth; and loss of alveolar bone.

What happens if you invade biologic width?

Biologic width invasion may cause injuries to periodontal tissues, as a means of maintaining its physiological dimensions, resulting in chronic inflammation of the soft tissues around the restoration, bleeding on probing, gingival hyperplasia, gingival recession, periodontal pocket, with loss of clinical insertion and …

What happens if you violate biological width?

What is the length of junctional epithelium?

The mean biologic width was found to be 1.91 mm, which consisted of junctional epithelium (1.14 mm) and connective tissue attachment (0.77 mm).

What are the biological properties of the junctional epithelium?

This review summarizes the biological properties of the junctional epithelium, focusing on its developmental aspects, wide intercellular spaces and desmosomes, dense granules, permeability barrier, phagocytotic activity, adhesive structures and nerve terminals.

How big is the junctional epithelium around a tooth?

The junctional epithelium (JE) adjacent to the tooth is that part of the gingiva which attaches the connective tissue to the tooth surface (Fig. 2.14). It forms a band 2—3 mm wide around the tooth, and is approximately 15—30 cells thick coronally and tapers to a single cell apically.

What is the difference between junctional and peri-implant epithelium?

Junctional epithelium receives a rich sensory nerve and has a high rate of cell turnover. Long junctional epithelium can be produced rapidly during wound healing, due to high proliferative activity. Peri-implant epithelium might be a poorly adhered and permeable epithelium. Animals

Why does junctional epithelium express cytokeratin 19?

Junctional epithelium expresses a cytokeratin-19 immunoreaction, suggesting that this protein is a consistent differentiation marker. Wide intercellular spaces, which contain neutrophils and nerve endings, are formed as there are fewer desmosomes than in the oral epithelium.