What are the functions of cardiolipin?

Cardiolipin plays an important role in regulating various kinds of mitochondrial proteins such as electron transport complexes, carrier proteins and phosphate kinases, and is also essential for the organization of particular mitochondrial structures such as cristae and contact sites.

What is cardiolipin in mitochondria?

Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid which is localized and synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It is now widely accepted that CL plays a central role in many reactions and processes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Where are Cardiolipins found?

The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark lipid of mitochondria and almost exclusively found in mitochondrial membranes (Pangborn, 1945). CL is predominantly located in the inner membrane and associated to many mitochondrial functions (see below).

Why is called cardiolipin?

It can also be found in the membranes of most bacteria. The name “cardiolipin” is derived from the fact that it was first found in animal hearts. It was first isolated from beef heart in the early 1940s.

What is cardiolipin made of?

Cardiolipin contains two phosphatidic acid groups linked by a glycerol with the majority of cardiolipin species containing four linoleic acid groups (C18:2). The four C18:2 acyls are essential for normal cardiolipin function in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Sparagna and Lesnefsky, 2009).

What is another name for cardiolipin?

diphosphatidylglycerol
1. Structure and Composition. Cardiolipin is the trivial but universally used name for a lipid that might be better termed ‘diphosphatidylglycerol’ or more precisely 1,3‑bis(sn‑3′-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol.

Is cardiolipin present in heart?

Mitochondria play an essential role in the energy metabolism of the heart. Many of the essential functions are associated with mitochondrial membranes and oxidative phosphorylation driven by the respiratory chain. Mitochondrial membranes are unique in the cell as they contain the phospholipid cardiolipin.

What is cardiolipin and mitochondrial function?

Cardiolipin and mitochondrial function in health and disease Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid that is almost exclusively localized at the level of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where it is biosynthesized.

Is cardiolipin associated with mitochondrial ATP synthase in the bovine heart?

“Tightly associated cardiolipin in the bovine heart mitochondrial ATP synthase as analyzed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy”. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (32): 19434–19440. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258 (17)45391-9.

Does cardiolipin exposure on the outer mitochondrial membrane modulate α-synuclein?

“Cardiolipin exposure on the outer mitochondrial membrane modulates α-synuclein”. Nature Communications. 9 (1): 817. Bibcode: 2018NatCo…9..817R. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03241-9.

What is the structure of cardiolipin?

Cardiolipin (CL) is a kind of diphosphatidylglycerol lipid. Two phosphatidic acid moieties connect with a glycerol backbone in the center to form a dimeric structure.