What are the 3 main blocks of PLL?

The block diagram of a basic PLL is shown in the figure below. It is basically a flip flop consisting of a phase detector, a low pass filter (LPF),and a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO).

How do you stop the jitter in PLL?

Reducing the loop filter bandwidth increases the amount of jitter attenuation on the reference clock, transferring less jitter from the input to the output. If the reference clock has a significant amount of jitter, using a low PLL bandwidth to filter this noise is typically recommended.

What is the concept behind PLL?

A phase-locked loop (PLL) is an electronic circuit with a voltage or voltage-driven oscillator that constantly adjusts to match the frequency of an input signal. PLLs are used to generate, stabilize, modulate, demodulate, filter or recover a signal from a “noisy” communications channel where data has been interrupted.

What causes jitter in PLL?

Random jitter comes from processes that are truly random such as thermal noise and flicker noise. Random jitter may also result from power supply noise, where that noise in turn originates from random processes, such as thermal noise, in the circuit supplying power to the SoC, and in particular to the PLL.

What is free running in PLL?

This PLL free running frequency is determined by its internal frequency determining components. As explained in fig. 1 when frequency changes, phase detector and LPF will produce new DC voltage. This voltage force VCO frequency to change and adopt to the new input frequency.

What is rms jitter?

2.1 Period Jitter The standard deviation and the peak-to-peak value are frequently referred to as the RMS value and the Pk-Pk period jitter, respectively. Many publications defined period jitter as the difference between a measured clock period and the ideal period.

How does PLL choose loop bandwidth?

Keep in mind the phase of the transfer function is a negative number in the range of minus 90 to minus 180 degrees. Choosing the loop bandwidth, designated as BW, equal to BWjit, which is the loop bandwidth which gives the minimum jitter, will give you the minimum jitter of the PLL. This is a good starting point.

What is Pclk in LPC2148?

Basic PLL in LPC2148 ARM7. ARM7 LPC2148 Microcontroller needs two clocks; one is for its peripherals and other for its CPU. CPU works faster with higher frequencies whereas peripheral needs lower frequency to work with. The Peripheral Clock (PCLK) and CPU Clock (CCLK) gets clock input from a PLL or from external source …

What is phase noise and jitter?

Phase noise and jitter are two related quantities associated with a noisy oscillator. Phase noise is a frequency-domain view of the noise spectrum around the oscillator signal, while jitter is a timedomain measure of the timing accuracy of the oscillator period.

Which type of filter is used in PLL?

PLL with a 5th-order Butterworth filter.

What is the function of LPF in PLL?

5. What is the function of low pass filter in phase-locked loop? Explanation: The output voltage of a phase detector is a dc voltage and is often referred to as error voltage. This output is applied to the low pass filter which removes the high frequency noise and produces a dc level.

What is the use of VCO in PLL?

The VCO generates the output signal. It is maintained at the setpoint frequency by the PLL and locked to the reference frequency. The reference frequency is typically supplied by a very accurate quartz oscillator.

What is capture range and lock range?

Capture range in pll is the range of frequencies over which pll can acquire lock with an input signal. Lock range is the much narrow range of frequency over which pll gets locked with the input signal.

What is wander and jitter?

High-speed variations (phase variations above 10 Hz) in signal timing through a system are called jitter. Low speed variations in a signal or clock (10 Hz down to micro-Hertz) are termed wander.

Why charge pump is used in PLL?

Charge pump make use of switching devices for controlling the connection of voltage to the capacitor. Charge pump is one of the important parts of PLL which converts the phase or frequency difference information into a voltage, used to tune the VCO.

What is Pclk clock?

The MCLK (Master Clock) refers to the basic clock input for the integrated circuit. In contrast, the PCLK (Pixel Clock) refers to the clock for the data output from the integrated circuit.It primarily refers to the clock output from the image sensor or ISP.

How many timers are there in arm7?

two
LPC2148 Timer& Counter LPC2148 has two 32-bit timers/counters:Timer0/Counter0 & Timer1/Counter1. LPC2148 Timer has input of peripheral clock (PCLK) or an external clock. It counts the clock from either of these clock sources for its operation.

What is dBc in phase noise?

dBc (decibels relative to the carrier) is the power ratio of a signal to a carrier signal, expressed in decibels. For example, phase noise is expressed in dBc/Hz at a given frequency offset from the carrier.