What are the protocols for performing an obstetrical ultrasound?

Protocols for the performance of an obstetrical ultrasound depend on the qualification of the practitioner, the local legal and ethical conditions and also on the costs incurred in the examination. Abdominal pain in any woman with a positive pregnancy test may be caused by an ectopic or extra-uterine pregnancy.

What ultrasound findings are characteristic of a retroplacental abruption?

Additionally, a retroplacental abruption can mimic the appearance of the hypoechoic space behind a normal placenta ( Oyelese & Anath ). With those factors in mind, here are some ultrasound findings that may suggest the presence of an abruption ( Fadl et al ):

How is placental abruption diagnosed with ultrasound?

Diagnosing placental abruption with ultrasound can be difficult due to the varying presentation and severity. The clinical and ultrasound appearance of abruption depends on several factors: The location of the separation and bleeding (pre-placental, retroplacental, placental margin)

How do you find the placenta on a fetal ultrasound?

To locate the placenta follow these steps: Starting at the superior end of the uterus, sweep from left to right in a sagittal plane. Follow the same pattern for more inferior sections of the uterus Identify the margins of the placenta. If the fetus is creating artifact and obscuring a posterior placenta, scan laterally.

What is the purpose of a gynecological ultrasound scan?

It is not a detailed ultrasound examination, and may provide only limited information, but can be used for the investigation of various, potentially severe gynecological and obstetrical symptoms.

What are the DEGUM quality requirements for prenatal screening ultrasound examination?

EBCOG European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 32. Kähler C, Schramm T, Bald R, Gembruch U, Merz E, Eichhorn K-H. Updated DEGUM quality requirements for the basic prenatal screening ultrasound examination (DEGUM level I) between 18 + 0 and 21 + 6 weeks of gestation.

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