What is the Sokolow-Lyon criteria?

The Sokolow-Lyon voltage criterion-based LVH was defined as a composite of amplitudes (SV1 or V2 + RV5 or V6) ≥35 mm, and the Cornell voltage criterion-based LVH was defined as RaVL+ SV3 ≥28 mm for men (2,3).

What is the criteria for LVH?

ESTES Criteria for LVH

+ECG Criteria	Points
Voltage Criteria (any of): R or S in limb leads ≥ 20 mm S in V1 or V2 ≥ 30 mm R in V5 or V6 ≥ 30 mm	3 points
ST-T Abnormalities: Without digitalis With digitalis	3 points 1 point
Left Atrial Enlargement in V1	3 points
Left axis deviation	2 points

How does LVH show on ECG?

The most commonly used ECG criteria to diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is below: Cornell criteria: Add the R wave in aVL and the S wave in V3. If the sum is > 28 mm in males or > 20 mm in females, then LVH is present.

Which ECG leads represent LVH?

Understanding the Criteria Therefore, EKG manifestations of LVH are represented by large amplitude QRS complexes. The EKG leads that represent the left ventricle are V5, V6, I and AvL (see figure).

How is LVH diagnosed on Echo?

Echocardiogram can reveal thickened muscle tissue in the left ventricle, blood flow through the heart with each beat, and heart abnormalities related to left ventricular hypertrophy, such as aortic valve stenosis. MRI. Images of your heart can be used to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy.

Does LVH always show on ECG?

The number of ECG criteria for LVH implies that no single or explicit ECG pattern is predictive of an increase in left ventricular mass, and that there are a variety of yet unexplained associations between the ECG and the anatomic entity of increased left ventricular mass.

How is LVH measured on Echo?

The first and most commonly used echocardiography method of LVM estimation is the linear method, which uses end-diastolic linear measurements of the interventricular septum (IVSd), LV inferolateral wall thickness, and LV internal diameter derived from 2D-guided M-mode or direct 2D echocardiography.

What thickness should LVH be?

The ASE/EAE guidelines suggest the following cut-offs for LVH: LV septal wall thickness >0.9 cm for women and >1.0 cm for men, LV mass/BSA >95 g/m2 for women and LV mass/BSA >115 g/m2 for men.

What is a normal E E ratio?

An E/e’ ratio < 8 is considered to be normal, and a ratio > 15 is considered to reflect an increase in the LV filling pressure [11-13]. In patients with normal EF, tissue Doppler echocardiography has been used to evaluate LV filling pressure and LV stiffness [11].

What is normal left ventricular wall thickness in CM?

The measurements observed in the LV walls (ALV, PLV and LLV) were divided into grades: t Normal: LV thickness up to 1.5 cm; t Grade 1: LV thickness from 1.6 to 1.8 cm; t Grade 2: LV thickness from 1.9 to 2.1 cm; t Grade 3: LV thickness from 2.2 to 2.4 cm.

What is normal LVH?

LVH was defined as LV mass index (LVMI) equal to or higher than: (1) 115 g/m2 in men and 99 g/m2 in women.

What is an abnormal E E ratio?

What is grade 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction?

Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction occurs when the left lower chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) has trouble relaxing in between beats because it has stiffened over time. It interferes slightly with the heart’s most important job—getting oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

What is the normal size of left ventricle?

These criteria classify the LV size as normal (men: 42 to 59 mm; women: 39 to 53 mm), mildly dilated (men: 60 to 63 mm; women: 54 to 57 mm), moderately dilated (men: 64 to 68 mm; women: 58 to 61 mm), or severely dilated (men: ≥69 mm; women: ≥62 mm).

What is normal EE ratio?

What is a good EE ratio?

The use of tissue Doppler at the mitral annulus (see below) permits the investigator to estimate filling pressure. An average E/e´ ratio above 14 is indicative of diastolic dysfunction (ratios between 8 and 12 denote possible diastolic dysfunction).

What is grade 2 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction?

Grade II – This diastolic dysfunction is characterized by increased filling pressure in the atrium and is considered to be moderate stage disease. The left atrium may also increase in size due to the increased pressure.

What is a good ejection fraction for the left ventricle?

The left ventricle is the heart’s main pumping chamber. It pumps oxygen-rich blood up into your body’s main artery (aorta) to the rest of the body. A normal ejection fraction is about 50% to 75%, according to the American Heart Association. A borderline ejection fraction can range between 41% and 50%.

What is normal left ventricular size and systolic function?

This is an easily reproducible and clinically useful measure of the global systolic left ventricular function. Normal values are usually more than 8 mm with an acceptable range of 12 ± 2 mm. It has some limitations and it requires the lateral mitral annulus to move in the same plane of the M-mode cursor.