How do cyanobacteria produce energy?

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green bacteria, blue-green algae, and Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.

How cyanobacteria is used as a biofuel?

Cyanobacteria have great potential as a platform for biofuel production because of their fast growth, ability to fix carbon dioxide gas, and their genetic tractability. Furthermore they do not require fermentable sugars or arable land for growth and so competition with cropland would be greatly reduced.

What is Synechococcus Lividus?

Synechococcus lividus is a species of Bacteria in the family Synechococcaceae.

Where is Synechococcus Elongatus found?

Structure. Synechococcus elongatus is rod-shaped with its cells typically greater than 2 µm in length. It typically contains 2–3 thylakoid membrane layers forming evenly spaced concentric rings and its carboxysomes and polyphosphate bodies are located in the central cytoplasmic region (Image 1).

What do cyanobacteria use for energy production what do they release as waste?

Cyanobacteria use sunlight and water to produce energy and release oxygen as waste.

Can cyanobacteria make energy through photosynthesis?

Cyanobacteria, often known as blue-green algae, are among the most abundant organisms in oceans and fresh water. They are similar to green plants because they can use the energy from sunlight to make their own food through photosynthesis.

How is liquid biofuel made?

Biodiesel is a liquid fuel produced from renewable sources, such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats and is a cleaner-burning replacement for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is nontoxic and biodegradable and is produced by combining alcohol with vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking grease.

Is Synechococcus toxic?

In contrast to many other cyanobacteria, there are few reports of toxins from Synechococcus, though cultures of some strains have been reported as being capable of producing compounds with neurotoxic and hepatotoxic effects (Martins et al. 2005).

Why is Synechococcus important?

Synechococcus is an important photosynthetic picoplankton in the temperate to tropical oceans. As a photosynthetic bacterium, Synechococcus has an efficient mechanism to adapt to the changes in salinity and light intensity.

Is Synechococcus harmful?

They are present in freshwater environments all over the world and are known to cause harmful algal blooms, although their effects are not well understood. Algal blooms are important to manage because they threaten freshwater resources, with potentially severe effects on ecological and human health.

What do cyanobacteria produce?

Overview of Cyanobacteria Some freshwater cyanobacterial blooms or cyanoHABs are able to produce highly potent toxins, known as cyanotoxins.

How do cyanobacteria acquire nutrients energy?

How do biofuels produce energy?

Biopower technologies convert renewable biomass fuels into heat and electricity using processes similar to those used with fossil fuels. There are three ways to release the energy stored in biomass to produce biopower: burning, bacterial decay, and conversion to gas/liquid fuel.

What can cyanotoxins do to humans?

Cyanotoxins can cause gastrointestinal, neural, hepatic, or dermal toxicity. Signs and symptoms reported after exposure also vary with the exposure route. Ingestion: Gastrointestinal (GI) effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mild liver enzyme elevations.

What happens if you swim in blue-green algae?

They grow wherever there is water. Unlike other types of bacteria, which can make children and adults sick by infection, cyanobacteria can make people sick through the toxic substances they produce. These cyanotoxins can cause rashes, itching, vomiting, diarrhea and headaches.

Can Synechococcus fix nitrogen?

A marine, unicellular, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium was isolated from the blades of a brown alga, Sargassum fluitans. This unicellular cyanobacterium, identified as Synechococcus sp.

What do cyanotoxins do to humans?

How toxic is blue-green algae?

Exposure to high levels of blue-green algae and their toxins can cause diarrhea, nausea or vomiting; skin, eye or throat irritation; and allergic reactions or breathing difficulties. Pet and livestock illness/deaths can happen if animals consume large amounts of water containing blooms, scums or benthic mats.

What nutrients do cyanobacteria provide?

Cyanobacteria, as carbon and nitrogen fixers, can contribute to the improvement of soil nutrient status of organic carbon and nitrogen in arid soils.

What is the carbon source of Synechococcus elongatus?

Synechococcus elongatus uses carbon dioxide (CO2) as its carbon source through the Calvin cycle. During photosynthesis, Synechococcus elongatus uses water (H2O) for the electron donor, which produces oxygen (O2) as the by-product.

Is Synechococcus elongatus harmful?

In eutrophic habitats or habitats with high nutrients, blooms of cyanobacteria can occur, producing harmful neurotoxins that effect the nerve cells of other organisms (4). Synechococcus elongatus is a freshwater unicellular cyanobacterium.

Is Synechococcus elongatus unicellular or multicellular?

Synechococcus elongatus is unicellular, rod-shaped, and may appear in the environment as isolated, paired, linearly connected, or in small clusters. Synechococcus elongatus is a Gram-negative bacterium with an inner and outer cell membrane enveloping a cell wall (3). This cyanobacterium is able to swim or glide despite lacking flagella or cilia.

What is the electron donor in Synechococcus elongatus?

During photosynthesis, Synechococcus elongatus uses water (H2O) for the electron donor, which produces oxygen (O2) as the by-product. Carbon dioxide is then converted to glucose through the Calvin cycle and is used for biosynthesis or other energetic needs.