What is the family of Hemiptera?

Hemiptera (/hɛˈmɪptərə/; from Latin hemipterus ‘half-winged’) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, bed bugs, and shield bugs.

What are the characteristics of the order Hemiptera?

Mouth part in form of segmented beak arising from front part of the head and extending back along the ventral side of the body at times as far as the base of the hind legs. Antennae are fairly long and contain four to five segments. Compound eyes are usually well developed. Many have glands secreting unpleasant odor.

What are four major stream insect families within the order Hemiptera?

Major Groups Within the Order Hemiptera Pentatomoidea – shield bugs. Gerromorpha – water striders, water crickets. Cicadoidea – cicadas. Tingidae – lace bugs.

Why are Hemiptera important?

Hemiptera is one of the largest insect orders playing an important role in both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Numerous phytophagous hemipterans cause serious damage to agriculture and forestry, whereas some predatory species are widely used as biocontrol agents.

What does Hemiptera stand for?

Medical Definition of Hemiptera : a large order of insects (as the true bugs) that have mouthparts adapted to piercing and sucking and usually two pairs of wings, undergo an incomplete metamorphosis, and include many important pests.

Why are Hemiptera called true bugs?

Members of the suborder Heteroptera are known as “true bugs”. They have very distinctive front wings, called hemelytra, in which the basal half is leathery and the apical half is membranous. At rest, these wings cross over one another to lie flat along the insect’s back.

What is a Stridulating organ?

Insects and other arthropods stridulate by rubbing together two parts of the body. These are referred to generically as the stridulatory organs.

How do you identify Hemiptera?

These insects, which are in the suborder Heteroptera, have forewings that differ in structure: the front half of each wing is noticeably thicker and more opaque than the rear half.

What is the purpose of stridulation?

Stridulation is the mechanism of sound production in certain species of Orthoptera and plays a crucial role in reproductive behaviour (Haskell, 1958). Stridulatory sounds are often produced by the animals running a scraper across a complex of ridges (also known as plectrum and file).

How do fishes produce sound?

Fish make sounds by oscillating their swim bladder, or by rubbing the bones where their fins attach to the body, similar to how crickets make sound by rubbing their legs, she said.

What is stridulatory organ?

The stridulatory organ is a file and scraper system similar to that found in crickets, katydids and grasshoppers [32–34]. S. yangi is a medium-sized cicada with adult body length of 28.0–33.2 mm, and is the only known cicada species of the subfamily Tettigadinae in China [33,35].

What is fish sound called?

Another way fish can make noise is called “stridulation”. This is a sound made by rubbing bones, armour plates or teeth together. Examples of this are seahorses, which can produce popping sounds by rubbing the edges of their skull together, or some marine catfish which can “squeak” using specialised rays in their fins.

What is tympanum in insects?

Specialized hearing organs, known as tympanal organs, have evolved in at least seven different orders of insects. Tympanal organs are usually defined by the presence of a tympanal membrane (or eardrum). They are backed by an air-filled space or cavity and are innervated by a chordotonal sensory organ.

Do fishes pee?

Freshwater fish will passively intake water from their environment and then, as their insides are saltier than their surroundings, will excrete a diluted urine. Saltwater fish have to drink water more actively and, as their surroundings are saltier than their insides, will expel a more concentrated urine.

Do fishes drink water?

As well as getting water through osmosis, saltwater fish need to purposefully drink water in order to get enough into their systems. Where their freshwater counterparts direct all of the water that comes into their mouths out through their gills, saltwater fish direct some into their digestive tract.

What is the function of tympanum?

The tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear. When sound waves reach the tympanic membrane they cause it to vibrate. The vibrations are then transferred to the tiny bones in the middle ear.

What is the role of tympanum organ?

A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons. Sounds vibrate the membrane, and the vibrations are sensed by a chordotonal organ.

How do fish get pregnant?

In most cases, the female drops eggs in the water which are immediately fertilized by sperm from the male. Another way is for fertilization to occur within the females body before she drops them into the water. With the third and final method, the female retains the eggs within her body and the young are born alive.

What is a Hemiptera?

The Hemiptera / hɛˈmɪptərə / or true bugs are an order of insects comprising some 50,000 to 80,000 species of groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and shield bugs. They range in size from 1 mm (0.04 in) to around 15 cm (6 in), and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts.

How do humans interact with the Hemiptera?

Humans have interacted with the Hemiptera for millennia. Some species, including many aphids, are important agricultural pests, damaging crops by the direct action of sucking sap, but also harming them indirectly by being the vectors of serious viral diseases.

What are the symbiotic associations between phloem feeding hemiptera and other organisms?

Phloem feeding hemiptera typically have symbiotic micro-organisms in their gut that help to convert amino acids. Phloem feeders produce honeydew from their anus. A variety of organisms that feed on honeydew form symbiotic associations with phloem-feeders. Phloem sap is a sugary liquid low in amino acids,…

What are the four suborders of Hemiptera?

Hemiptera who represents the four suborders; Clockwise from top-left: Acanthosoma labiduroides ( Heteroptera ), Xenophyes forsteri ( Coleorrhyncha ), Magicicada septendecim ( Auchenorrhyncha ), and Aphids ( Sternorrhyncha ).